answer:An increase in the marginal propensity to consume. Explanation: The spending multiplier is a measure of the impact of an initial change in spending on the overall level of economic activity. It is calculated as the ratio of the change in total spending to the initial change in spending. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is the fraction of each additional dollar of income that is spent on consumption. An increase in the MPC means that people are more likely to spend their money, which leads to an increase in aggregate demand and thus a higher spending multiplier.

answer:The supply curve shifts to the left, indicating a decrease in supply, when: * Production costs increase: Higher costs for raw materials, labor, or transportation make it less profitable for producers to supply the same quantity of goods. * Taxes are imposed: Government taxes on production increase the cost of supplying goods, leading producers to reduce supply. * Natural disasters or adverse weather conditions: Events like floods, droughts, or earthquakes can disrupt production processes and decrease the availability of goods. * Technological setbacks: A decline in technological efficiency or the disruption of supply chains due to technological failures can reduce production capacity. * Government regulations: Stricter environmental regulations or safety standards can increase production costs and limit the supply of goods.

answer:The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal elements. For the given matrix, left( begin{array}{cccc} 0 & -1 & -9 & -7 5 & -8 & -9 & 0 -5 & 6 & -5 & -4 3 & 8 & -1 & 5 end{array} right) we add the elements in the main diagonal: 0 + (-8) + (-5) + 5 Simplifying the sum, we get: -8 - 5 + 5 = -8 Therefore, the trace of the matrix is -8.

answer:To multiply the scalar frac{7}{3} with the matrix, we apply the scalar to each element of the matrix. The multiplication results in: [ left( begin{array}{cc} frac{7}{3} cdot 6 & frac{7}{3} cdot (-8) frac{7}{3} cdot (-4) & frac{7}{3} cdot 0 frac{7}{3} cdot (-1) & frac{7}{3} cdot (-2) end{array} right) = left( begin{array}{cc} 14 & -frac{56}{3} -frac{28}{3} & 0 -frac{7}{3} & -frac{14}{3} end{array} right) ]