answer:1. **Reduction of Sediment Supply:** - Coastal development often involves the construction of structures such as seawalls, jetties, and groynes to protect the shoreline from erosion. These structures can disrupt the natural sediment transport processes, trapping sediment on one side and causing erosion on the other. - Urbanization in coastal areas also leads to increased impervious surfaces, such as roads, buildings, and parking lots. This reduces the amount of water that can infiltrate into the ground, leading to increased runoff and flooding. The increased runoff can carry away sediment from the coast, further contributing to erosion. 2. **Increased Vulnerability to Storm Damage:** - The development of coastal areas often involves the construction of buildings and infrastructure close to the shoreline. This increases the vulnerability of these structures to damage from storms and other coastal hazards. - When a storm surge occurs, the rising water levels can inundate coastal areas, causing erosion and damage to buildings and infrastructure. The presence of structures in these areas can also reflect wave energy back towards the shore, further increasing erosion.

answer:To calculate the sales tax, convert the percentage to a decimal and multiply it by the original price of the item. 8.6% as a decimal is 8.6 div 100 = 0.086 Now, multiply the sales tax rate by the item's price: 0.086 times 53 = 4.56 Therefore, you would pay 4.56 in sales tax, rounded to the nearest cent.

answer:The gradient of a function is a vector that points in the direction of the greatest increase of the function. It is defined as the vector of partial derivatives of the function with respect to each of its variables. So, the gradient of f(x,y,z) = x-y^5+z^5 is: nabla f(x,y,z) = left(frac{partial f}{partial x}, frac{partial f}{partial y}, frac{partial f}{partial z}right) = (1,-5y^4,5z^4) Therefore, the gradient of f(x,y,z) is left{1,-5 y^4,5 z^4right}.

answer:In an acidic medium, thiosulfate undergoes disproportionation, where it acts as both an oxidizing and reducing agent. One part of the thiosulfate molecule is oxidized to sulfate (S(VI+)), while the other part is reduced to elemental sulfur (S(0)). This results in the formation of both sulfate and elemental sulfur as products.